Week 13 :Study Project

              Most of the accidents in high-ways are happening due to the drowsiness of drivers, most often this symptom is found in long distance truck drivers, these drivers may take some time to recognize the opposite vehicle, which is running at low speed, resulting accident. This kind of accidents may happen due to the drunken drivers also. So to increase safety an electronic warning system is essential to alert the drivers. This kind of system can be installed in all types of vehicles, especially in commercial vehicles, so that accident rate can be minimized. The warning system designed here can be called as driver attention system, which raises an alarm and energizes the display board automatically when the following vehicle came near to the in-front running vehicle.

               The project work keep distance warning system that is designed for Automobiles, any vehicle ranging from motor cycle to heavy duty truck can adopt this system. This alerts the following vehicle whenever it came very close to the ahead vehicle; thereby to some extent accidents can be avoided.

               The circuit is designed such that whenever the infrared signal is interrupted, logic high signal is generated and it is fed to microcontroller, on receipt of this signal, the controller activates the display board and alarm automatically.

             This system is best for guiding the perimeter of a house or a business center the points where an intruder would enter the building. In this system IR sensor is used to detect the intrusion. Similarly the vibration and temperature sensors recognize vibration disturbances and accidental fires respectively.

             This project provides an efficient and economical security system. This system finds applications in industries, banks and homes.

             This system is a rapidly growing field and there are new and improved strategies popping up all the time. For the most part these systems are all built around the same basic structure, a central box that monitors several detectors and perimeter guards and sounds an alarm when any of them are triggered.

Incorporating the features discussed below can further enhance the system

v        This system can detect intrusion only at   discrete points. This system detection feature can be extended  to scanning a complete area. Thus the intrusion into the building can be detected with much more efficiently.

v  The redialing feature can also be incorporated such that if the call is not put forward the first time, the auto dialer will dial the same number until the call is successfully completed.

v  A pre-recorded voice message can delivered to the owner notifying him about the intrusion into the premises.

v  The addition of the above discussed advancements certainly builds this project into a much flexible and reliable security system.

Week 12 :Presentation Day

         This presentation was held at dewan gemilang unikl bmi.My assesees are mis siti hajar and encik mohd zaki.during the session presentation,actually it was good and everything the question that asked to me i can answer smoothly and i hope the mark given from the assesees its also good.

Week 11 :Prepare For Presentation

Week 12 is a presentation day and for this week i need  to finished the slide show and study everything about my project.The first thing i do before start doing the slide show,i meet my advisor to get the advice from her and how to prepare the slide show and fully the criteria that accessor want to know.she guided me everything and anything wrong that i have made for this slide she doing some correction and finally i get the best slide show to present on week 12 soon.Below i have put some example the slide show that i have done

Week 10 :Research The UltraSonic Sensor

                          Parallax's PING)))™ ultrasonic sensor provides a very low-cost and easy method of distance measurement. This sensor is perfect for any number of applications that require you to perform measurements between moving or stationary objects. Naturally, robotics applications are very popular but you'll also find this product to be useful in security systems or as an infrared replacement if so desired.

This measures distance using sonar; an ultrasonic (well above human hearing) pulse is transmitted from the unit and distance-to-target is determined by measuring the time required for the echo return. Output from the PING))) sensor is a variable-width pulse that corresponds to the distance to the target.
PING)))™ Sensor Features:

• The PING))) has only has 3 connections, which include Vdd, Vss, and 1 I/O pin.
• The 3-pin header makes it easy to connect using a servo extension cable, no soldering required.
• Several sample codes are available using the Ping))) sensor.

List of technical specifications:

• Range - 2cm to 3m (~.75" to 10')
• Supply Voltage: 5V +/-10% (Absolute: Minimum 4.5V, Maximum 6V)
• Supply Current: 30 mA typ; 35 mA max
• 3-pin interface (power, ground, signal)
• 20 mA power consumption
• Narrow acceptance angle
• Simple pulse in / pulse out communication
• Indicator LED shows measurement in progress
• Input Trigger - positive TTL pulse, 2 µs min, 5 µs typ.
• Echo Pulse - positive TTL pulse, 115 µs to 18.5 ms
• Echo Hold-off - 750 µs from fall of Trigger pulse
• Burst Frequency - 40 kHz for 200 µs
• Size - 22 mm H x 46 mm W x 16 mm D (0.85 in x 1.8 in x 0.6 in)

Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transducers when they both send and receive) work on a principle similar to radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from radio or sound waves respectively. Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received back by the sensor. Sensors calculate the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the distance to an object.

This technology can be used for measuring: wind speed and direction (anemometer), fullness of a tank, and speed through air or water. For measuring speed or direction a device uses multiple detectors and calculates the speed from the relative distances to particulates in the air or water. To measure the amount of liquid in a tank, the sensor measures the distance to the surface of the fluid. Further applications include: humidifiers, sonar, medical ultrasonography, burglar alarms, and non-destructive testing. Systems typically use a transducer which generates sound waves in the ultrasonic range, above 20,000 hertz, by turning electrical energy into sound, then upon receiving the echo turn the sound waves into electrical energy which can be measured and displayed. The technology is limited by the shapes of surfaces and the density or consistency of the material. For example foam on the surface of a fluid in a tank could distort a reading.

Week 9 :Research The Power Supply

              Power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronic circuits and other devices.

Week 8 :Meeting

        For this week actually im not doing to much work about my project.Im going meeting with my advisor.The purpose for this meeting actually my advisor want to know about the progress for my project.This meeting held on level 2 at communication department.I give more explaination about what im doing on this project and my advisor want me to doing more research about this project because she wants me to more expert and know everything about this project because to make me easier when im doing this  project.She also give me some reference book and link come from the internet to make me easier when im doing research soon.This meeting not stop there and we continue at the libry or resource centre at unikl bmi.We try to find the book that related for rfid system and navigation system.This meeting was end around 5 noon and my advisor advice she want me to know everything before start next semester when im doing the final project.

Week 7 :Research The Micro-controller

                The 8051 is an original member of the 8051 family. There are two other members in the 8051 family of microcontrollers. They are 8052 and 8031. All the three microcontrollers will have the same internal architecture, but they differ in the following aspects.

Ø  8031 has 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.

Ø  89S51 has 4KB ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, two timers and 6 interrupts.

Ø  89S52 has 8KB ROM, 128 bytes of RAM, three timers and 8 interrupts.

Of the three microcontrollers, 89S51 is the most preferable. Microcontroller supports both serial and parallel communication.

             In the concerned project 89S52 microcontroller is used. Here microcontroller used is AT89S52, which is manufactured by ATMEL laboratories.

           The AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8Kbytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.

           The Idle  Mode  stops the  CPU while  allowing  the RAM,  timer/counters,  serial port and interrupt  system to continue  functioning. The  Power down  Mode  saves  the RAM contents  but freezes the oscillator  disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the AT89C52 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.